What is LED?how does LED work - Lumenpulselighting

An LED lamp is a light-emitting diode (LED) product which is assembled into a bulb for lighting use. LED lights or lamps have a fairly long lifespan and its electrical efficiency is several times better than incandescent lamps. They are significantly better than most fluorescent lamps. There are some chips which emit more than 100 lumens per watt. LED lights come in different forms with is uses accordingly like LED bulbs and LED tube lights for household, offices, hospitals, hotels etc. LED Street lights for roads and society passages, LED Flood lights for factories, play grounds etc. LED Solar lights mainly for streets. 

The LED lamp market is projected to grow by more than twelve-fold over the next decade, from $2 bn in the beginning of 2014 to $25 bn in 2023, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25%.

Like incandescent lamps and unlike most fluorescent lamps (e.g. tubes and compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs), LEDs come to full brightness without need for a warm-up time; the life of fluorescent lighting is also reduced by frequent switching on and off. Initial cost of LED is usually higher. Degradation of LED dye and packaging materials reduces light output to some extent over time.

When LED manufacturers typically sort the individual diodes into separate bins grouped by colour and brightness. This is called binning. Because binning requirements can change from season to season, it is easy to end up with mismatched LED string lights. But when all LEDs are purchased at the same time, the lights are more likely to be of the same calibre.

With organic research into LEDs (OLED) and polymer LEDs (PLED), cost per lumen and output per device is improving rapidly according to what has been called Haitz's law, analogous to Moore's law for semiconductor devices.

Some LED lamps are made to be a directly compatible drop-in replacement for incandescent or fluorescent lamps. LEDs do not emit light in all directions, and their directional characteristics affect the design of lamps. The light output of single LEDs is less than that of incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps; in most applications multiple LEDs are used to form a lamp, although high-power versions (see below) are becoming available.

LED chips need controlled direct current (DC) electrical power; an appropriate circuit is required to convert alternating current from the supply to the regulated low voltage direct current used by the LEDs. LEDs are adversely affected by high temperature, so LED lamps typically include heat dissipation elements such as heat sinks and cooling fins.

General-purpose lighting needs white light. LEDs emit light in a very narrow band of wavelengths, emitting light of a colour characteristic of the energy band-gap of the semiconductor material used to make the LED. To emit white light from LEDs, they require mixing light from red, green, and blue LEDs, or using a phosphor to convert some of the light to other colours.

A significant difference from other light sources is that the light is more directional, which means it is emitted as a narrower beam. LED lamps are used for both general and special-purpose lighting.

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